| Lasers and optical-amplifiers are commonly important in optical systems.
      Monolithic integration of such devices with other waveguide components
      may allow us to develop novel integrated optic devices. Presently, our
      interest is focused on implementation of such components on rare-earth
      doped LiNbO3 substrates. The rare-earth element exhibits laser-transition,
      and the laser cavity is constructed of a channel waveguide with polished
      ends (or dielectric mirrors on the waveguide facets). We have established
      rare-earth doping technique, i.e., thermal-in-diffusion of rare-earth element,
      and demonstrated a highly efficient Nd-doped LiNbO3 waveguide lasers and
      Er-doped LiNbO3 waveguide amplifiers. |